Sverre Lodgaard is a Senior Research Fellow and former Director (1997-2007) of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). Before joining NUPI, he directed the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR, 1992-1996). Among some public services, Mr. Lodgaard was member of the UN Secretary General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters (1992-1999); member of the Norwegian Government’s Advisory Council for Arms Control and Disarmament (1972–1985; 1989–1992; 1998–2009); and Advisor and member of the Norwegian delegations to international conferences on arms control and disarmament matters. His latest books include the titles: Nuclear disarmament and Non-Proliferation (Routledge, 2011). In the Wake of the Arab Spring (Scandinavian Academic Press, 2013); Stable Nuclear Zero (Routledge, 2016); External Powers and the Arab Spring, (Scandinavian Academic Press, 2016).